Section 1: Mining and Railroads
- Boom & Bust
- Comstock Lode
- Henry Comstock claims that the gold was found on his property.
- The find becomes known as the "Comstock Lode
- Silver was then found in some mud at the Comstock Lode
- In just 20 years the Comstock Lode produces $300,000,000 worth of silver
- This all causes Nevada to to become a center of mining
- Boom Spreads
- Ores are found in Montana, Idaho, and Colorado and gold is found in the Black Hills in South Dakota.
- Gold discovered in Alaska brings a whole bunch of people
- Few become wealthy since the ore was to expensive to extract.
- Comstock sells his mining rights for 2 mules and $11,000
- Mining becomes a business in the 1880's
- Boom town Life
- Hotels, Stores, etc. appear near mines
- Mining Camps become "boom towns"
- Merchants and others follow miners
- Boom town stores were not cheap
- Even water was expensive since minersfeared drinking polluted water near mines
- Women opened restaurants, washed clothes,took in boarders, etc.
- Around 1/2 of the miners were foreign born
- The foreign Miners faced lots of discrimination
- Frontier Justice
- Boom town growth causes growth in gov. as well
- Sheriffs, marshals, and justices replace vigilantes
-Colorado, South Dakota and Nevada became territories in 1861, followed by Arizona and Idaho in 1863 and Montana in 1864.
- Ore runs out
- The boom towns become ghost towns.
- Railroad Boom
- Aid to Railroads
- The federal gov. gave subsidies for every mile of track.
- Railroads were given over 180,000,000 acres for production.
- The railroads also got gov. loans
- Spanning the Continent
- Immigrate: to move to a foreign region or country
- Manual: involving work done by hand
-1862: Leland Stanford & partner won the right to build a line eastward from Sacramento, CA
- This railroad was known as the Central Pacific.
- Union Pacific railroad built west from Omaha.
- Union Pacific attached to Central Pacific and the track stretched from coast to coast.
-Railroad workers: immigrants from Mexico, Ireland, and china; native born whites, Mexican Americans, African Americans.
-Work: hazardous, payed little, lots of manual labor.
- Laborers went through snow & winds to cut through the Sierra Nevada.
- May 10, 1869: the two lines meet in Promontory, Utah.
- Stanford put in the last spike with a silver mallet.
- Effects of the Railroads
- 1876: Colorado became a state.
- 1889: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington become states.
- 1890: Idaho and Wyoming become states.
- People pour in.
- Gold & Silver pour out.
- New towns spring up, causing population growth & political changes.
Section 2: Native Americans Struggle to Survive
- People of the Plains
- Life in Transition
- Tepees: cone-shaped tents made of buffalo skins
- Transformed: to change in appearance or form, to change the condition of something
- Spaniards gave Native Americans horses
- French and British gave them guns
- Traveling groups carried their belongings on travois, lived in tepees, and followed the buffalo herds
- Summer: tracked buffalo as they grazed
- Winter: led buffalo to protected valleys and forests
- Uses: meat-food, horns and bones- tools, tendons- thread
- Division of Laborers
- Men: hunters, warriors, led religious life.
- Sun Dance was a religious ritual which brought many nations together to pledge to the Great Spirit.
- A crow woman named The Other Magpie rode against the Sioux after they killed her brother.
- Broken Treaties
- Fort Laramie Treaty
- The officials said if the Native Americans made a permanent home then they would be protected "as long as the grass shall grow."
- After the Native American leaders had signed the treaty, settlers moved into their land
- 1859: The settlers find gold which lured miners to Pikes Paek.
- Sand Creek Massacre
- There was a resistance in the tribes that lead to warriors attacking supply trains and homes.
- Colonel John Chivington, with the help of 700 volunteers, attacked a group of Cheyennes @ Sand Creek in eastern Colorado.
- Over 100 completely innocent men, women and children died.
- Buffalo Soldiers
- They fought for 20 years
- They also captured bandits from Texas to the Dakotas
- End of the Buffalo
- Hunters killed around 2,000 buffalo a month
- Railroads fed their crew with buffalo
- Last Stand for Custer and the Sioux
- Reservations
- Sitting Bull: A Native American leader who, along with Crazy Horse, led attacks to keep whites out of their land.
- Southern Plains Nations who moved onto the reservations were the Kiowas, Comanches, and Arapahos
- Those reservations had poor soil that limited growing crops.
- Cheyennes and Sioux received land in the black hills, but gold was found there so of course- the miners wanted in!
- Little Bighorn
- Colonel Custer goes into Little Bighorn Valley.
-He is outnumbered but still fights against Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. And loses.
- Custer and all of his men die.
- "A winter or so later, more soldiers came to round us up on reservations. There were too many of them to fight now."
- Other Efforts at Resistance
- The Nez Perces
- They bred horses and cattle.
- Many agreed to go to the reservation.
- 1877: Chief Joseph tried to lead a large band of Nez Perces to Canada.
- In 75 days they traveled 1,300 miles.
- The army pursued them and found them.
- Chief Joseph said "I shall fight no more forever." as he surrendered.
- The Navajos
- They lived in the Southwest.
- Some also raide settlers' farms for livestock.
- To stop raids the settlers called in the army.
- They were defeated in 1864 in Arizona.
- The soldiers took them on a "long walk" to a spot near the Pecos River, where they suffered years of disease and hunger.
- The Apaches
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- The Ghost Dance
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- The Failure of Reform
- Calls for Reform
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- The Dawes Act
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Section 4: Farming in the West
QUESTIONS FROM THE QUIZ!!!
- How much money did the comstock lode produce?
- Miners formed groups of ________ to maintain law and order out west
- The name of the railroad that spanned the continent and connected eastern and western businesses was called?
- Yes or No: Did the U.S. gov. live up to its promise in the Fort Laramie treaty
- What ethnicity were the buffalo soldiers?
- Who said "I shall fight no more forever"?
- What was one reason why the Dawes Act failed?
- Settlers who acquired free land from the U.S. Gov. were called _ ____.
- Who made up the first granges?
- What was one demand of the populist party?
- Which Candidate did the populist party support in the election of 1896?
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